High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant public health concern in Singapore. Often symptomless in its early stages, it can quietly cause damage until serious complications such as stroke, heart failure, or kidney disease arise.
In this installment of our “Bridging East & West” series, we take a closer look at hypertension from the perspectives of both Western medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). By understanding how each system approaches diagnosis and care, we uncover how an integrative, holistic strategy can help you better manage your blood pressure and support long-term heart health.
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Understanding Hypertension: What Western Medicine Tells Us
Hypertension is diagnosed when systolic (top) readings exceed 130 mmHg and/or diastolic (bottom) readings exceed 85 mmHg, according to Singapore’s Ministry of Health (MOH) guidelines. Left untreated, it significantly increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney damage, and vision loss. Early detection and management are key to preventing these outcomes.
Blood Pressure Categories for Adults (18+)
Blood Pressure (BP) Level (mmHg) |
Category | Systolic BP (mmHg) | Diastolic BP (mmHg) |
High-Normal BP | 130 - 139 | 85 - 89 |
Grade 1 Hypertension | 140 - 159 | 90- 99 |
Grade 2 Hypertension & above | ≥160 | ≥100 |
Note: Blood pressure targets may vary depending on age, risk factors, and medical history. Please consult your healthcare provider for personalised guidance.
Source: ACE Clinical Guidance (ACG) Hypertension Dec 2023, Healthhub
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TCM Insights: Reading Hypertension through the Body's Energy Flow
In Traditional Chinese Medicine, hypertension is not viewed as a standalone condition but as a reflection of imbalances in the body’s ‘Qi’ (vital energy), Yin-Yang, and organ systems such as the Liver, Kidney, and Spleen. TCM diagnosis focuses on identifying these underlying patterns and tailoring treatment accordingly.
Common TCM patterns for Hypertension and its symptoms:
TCM patterns | Common Symptoms |
Hyperactivity of Liver Yang (肝阳上亢证) Commonly linked to stress & emotional tension. | - Dizziness - Headaches - Facial flushing - Irritability |
Accumulation of Phlegm & Dampness (痰湿中阻证) Associated with poor digestion, sedentary habits, or a greasy diet. | - Heavy-headedness - Mental fog - Dull pressure in the head |
Obstruction by Blood Stasis (瘀血内阻证) Results from poor circulation or long-term Qi stagnation. | - Chest pain - Palpitations - Stubborn headaches - Dark & purplish tongue |
Deficiency of Kidney Yin (肾阴亏虚证) Common in older adults or those with chronic fatigue, overwork, or insufficient rest. | - Forgetfulness - Sore, weak lower back & knees - Tinnitus - Dry eyes, blurred vision |
Treatment of Hypertension
Western Medical Approach:
Lifestyle modifications: Adopt a low-sodium diet (e.g. DASH diet-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), exercise regularly, manage weight, and stress.
Pharmacotherapy with antihypertensive medications such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium-channel blockers, beta-blockers, or thiazide diuretics.
Routine monitoring: Regular doctor visits and self-tracking at home help monitor progress and ensure treatment effectiveness.
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These methods help manage blood pressure effectively and reduce the risk of acute cardiovascular events.
Traditional Chinese Medical Approach:
TCM focuses on restoring internal harmony based on individual body patterns and the progression of the condition.
TCM diagnosis considers the progression of the disease, tailoring treatment based on dominant patterns observed.
Acupuncture:
Helps calm the nervous system, regulate Qi, and improve circulation. Common acupoints used include Taichong 太冲 (LR3), Quchi 曲池 (LI11), Zusanli 足三里 (ST36), and Fengchi 风池 (GB20).
Herbal therapy:
Several herbal formulas can be used to restore internal balance. Herbal formulas are prescribed based on the pattern exhibited by the individual. Hence, two different individuals suffering from hypertension could be prescribed two different herbal formulas. In TCM, this is known as 同病异治 (same illness, differentiated treatment).
Holistic care:
TCM may also prescribe dietary adjustments, gentle exercises (like Tai Chi), and lifestyle guidance tailored to each individual.
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Lifestyle Tips for Hypertension Patients:
Manage Stress and Emotions:
Practice calming exercises like deep breathing, tai chi, or meditation to soothe the Liver and support healthy blood pressure.
Choose Light and Balanced:
Avoid greasy, salty, and spicy foods. Choose vegetables, whole grains, and potassium-rich foods like celery and bitter gourd.
Stay Active:
Engage in gentle exercises such as brisk walking or stretching to improve circulation and help regulate blood pressure.
Maintain a Balanced Routine:
Ensure adequate sleep (before 11 pm), regular meals, and work-life balance to support smooth Qi flow and nourish Liver and Kidney Yin.
Bridging Wisdom: Integrative Management of Hypertension
Why choose an integrative approach?
Western medicine provides fast and effective blood pressure control, reducing immediate risks with life-saving interventions.
TCM focuses on restoring balance, addressing underlying root causes, and enhancing long-term health and vitality.
Together, an integrated care plan can be developed to support long-term blood pressure control, enhance overall well-being, and potentially reduce dependence on medication.
Eu Yan Sang x Parkway Shenton Integrative Clinical Care Protocol for Hypertension
Our Co-Management Programme combines the diagnostic accuracy of Western GPs with the holistic insights of licensed TCM physicians.
Joint diagnosis and collaborative care planning
Reduced risk of drug-herb interactions
Personalised strategies that address stress, metabolic imbalances, and lifestyle factors
Potential to reduce medication dependency and improve overall quality of life
Explore Integrative Hypertension Care with Us
Our TCM physicians and Western doctors collaborate closely to provide safe, effective, and personalised treatment for hypertension. Let us help you find a balanced way forward.
Book a consultation* and discover how integrative care can support your heart health. *Available at Guoco Tower from 1 Aug 2025.
Article reviewed by: Dr. Lim Wee Peng, General Practitioner (GP) - Family Physician at Parkway Shenton Medical Clinic, Guoco Tower Physician Chan Jing Wen - TCM Physician at Eu Yan Sang TCM Clinic @ Guoco Tower |
Sources:
Singapore Ministry of Health (MOH) Hypertension Guidelines
Chinese herbal formulas for treating hypertension
Traditional Chinese Medicine for Essential Hypertension: A Clinical Evidence Map
Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes for Essential Hypertension
Randomized Trial of Acupuncture to Lower Blood Pressure
The Effect of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension
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